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E-toll (South Africa)
e-toll (in South Africa) consists of the electronic toll collection (ETC) processes employed by South Africa's roads agency Sanral on selected toll roads or toll lanes, subject to the Sanral Act of 1998. As of 2014, 19% of South Africa's national roads were toll roads. Sanral derives its income both from toll income and the national fiscus, while initial capital outlay for large projects are funded by open market bond issues.〔
The two main ETC methods are "Boom-down" electronic toll collection and open road tolling (ORT). The systems were designed to fund the R20 billion highway upgrade program (GFIP or Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project) which was implemented in 2007 and largely completed by April 2011. Open road tolling went live in Gauteng province on December 3, 2013, when the province had some 3.5 million registered vehicles.〔 The Gauteng Freeway Improvement Project led to a large decrease in traffic congestion when construction finished 2011-2012. Cape Town, for the first time in decades, is now the most congested city in South Africa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.tomtom.com/en_gb/trafficindex/#/list )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://businesstech.co.za/news/general/103039/r750-million-to-fight-traffic-in-sas-most-congested-city/ )〕
==Electronic toll collection==
Vehicles are identified electronically without any cash transactions taking place on the road or highway. Vehicle identification is facilitated by an e-tag or a vehicle license plate number which is recorded by overhead cameras installed on gantries, and interpreted by computer. ''Electronic Tolling Collection'' (ETC), a subsidiary of Kapsch TrafficCom AG, is the contracted company that designed, built and is still operating the system, and in turn oversees the ''Transaction Clearing House'' (TCH) which oversees customer accounts, and the ''Violation Processing Centre'' (VPC) which will follow procedures against payment defaulters.〔
Initially, e-tagged road users received a 48 percent discount on tariffs and their monthly bill was capped. Owning an e-tag is however not compulsory, and consequently does not require any enforcement. Tariffs were increased in line with inflation, but the May 2015 amendments entailed significant reductions. Bills are mailed to road users who are not registered on the eTag system. During the review of the system and the subsequent consultation process, Sanral delayed in sending final demands to those who had not settled their accounts.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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